Legal skills 2 . Explain the differences between the regulation of Essay

Legal skills 2 . Explain the differences between the regulation of abortion in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; and speculate how any reform - Essay Example The Abortion Act of 1967 was modified by the Fertilization and Embryology Act of 1990.1 The modifications2 were widely hailed as a gain for the pro-choice movement3 because they established an upper time limit to terminate pregnancy at twenty-four weeks and extended the circumstances in which abortions could be performed to include terminations up until birth in the case of fetal handicap. The effect of the 1990 debates in Parliament over the Acts modification was to entrench in the public and parliamentary consciousness that abortion is permissible prior to viability of the fetus. Today, an abortion is lawful in the United Kingdom if covered by one of four grounds listed in the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act of 1990.4 The provisions of the Act allow for an abortion up to twenty-four weeks if approved by two doctors when "the social or environmental or living conditions of either the mother or her existing children are likely to be worsened by the continuation of the pregnancy."5 Furthermore, it tolerates abortion without time restriction on eugenic grounds if "there is a substantial risk that if the child were born it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped." Abortions for the most part are financed by the National Health Service under the National Health Service Act of 1977. The Act does place some restrictions on the availability of an abortion. Abortions are only permissible if the pregnancy has not exceeded twenty-four weeks. Beyond the twenty-fourth week, the risk of a grave mental or physical injury must exist before an abortion can be legally performed. The Act also provides physicians with broad authority over a womans ability to terminate. T o be consistent with the Act, an abortion can only be legally performed if two medical practitioners believe in good faith that one of the four grounds set forth in Section 1(1) of the Act has been met. The United

United States should not remove all penalties on drugs Essay

United States should not remove all penalties on drugs - Essay Example More than 30% of the states have legalized the use of these kinds of drugs. Thus there arises a conflict of interest between the Federal Government and the central government. However, the liberalization and decriminalization of drugs is not a very acceptable phenomenon from a societal point of view. This essay makes an attempt to justify the opinion that US should not remove all penalties on drugs. Discussion The US government had planned to remove or reduce the drug penalties on several grounds like lack of any violent activities or the use of weapons. If the drug penalty on those people are removed who have not indulged in violence, the others may be instigated to get involved in such activities knowing that they would be freed too. This would have a harmful effect on the society. The drug peddlers who trade drugs to anyone other than the minor had also been given relaxation. Circulation of illicit drugs even to the adults is not acceptable (Savage 1). A lot of money of the govern ment that comes in form of taxes is spent in the prison expenses of the people convicted of the crime. Most of the people had taken advantage of this and had moved to jail so that their basic needs are taken care of. However, to curb such increasing expenses the persons who are accused of using and distributing drugs cannot be freed because it will cause harm to the society. The drug peddlers who trade drugs to anyone other than the minor had also been given relaxation. Circulation of illicit drugs even to the adults is not acceptable (Savage 1). A lot of money of the government that comes in form of taxes is spent in the prison expenses of the people convicted of the crime. Most of the people had taken advantage of this and had moved to jail so that their basic needs are taken care of. However, to curb such increasing expenses the persons who are accused of using and distributing drugs cannot be freed because it will cause harm to the society. These drug addicted people would come out and spread the curse among more people and it would have detrimental effects on the society. Thus by maintaining the penalty the government of US would be able to deliver better safety standards for the public. If penalties are removed, the use of drugs would lead to several organized crimes. The drugs are mostly expensive and thus the sale of drugs provides a lot of money to the drug peddlers. These people with their money can influence many powerful entities and continue with their illegal business. It would also lead to a waste of money by the youngsters especially who can use that money for educational or other productive uses. The consumption of drugs would also increase because the people who did not indulge in drugs in fear of legal bindings would now start using drugs. Most important point in this regard is the fact that US government under the leadership of Ronald Reagan and more recently Bill Clinton had passed several legislations to curb the use of drugs. These measures have actually helped the government control the use of drugs. Records have proved that the crime rates had decreased in the period when these rules were there. Thus in order to ensure the safety of the citizens and the benefit of the society as a whole, the US should not remove the penalty on drugs (Levine 1). Conclusion Thus it is clear that the binding that is existent in the US regarding the consumption and the use of laws should remain stringent and the penalties that are existent should not be relaxed. The relaxation of the penalties woul d send a wrong signal to the society and the illicit consumption would increase. The stringent regulations would curb the crime rate of the society that take place due to drug abuse. The waste of money and other forms of resources would be prevented and it could be utilized for the social welfare. The regulation of the use of drugs would prevent the economic power from concentrating into the hands of the influential drug dealers. Though the people who indulge in the business and use of

Dosing of cephalosporines in renal failure pateints Research Proposal

Dosing of cephalosporines in renal failure pateints - Research Proposal Example Aim- To understand the dosing of Cephalosporin in Renal failure patients. Method and Design Physical examination- should be performed for edema, ascites, dehydration. Measurement of body weight and height is performed. In obese patients the ideal body weight should be calculated and dose of drug should be planned consequently. Renal function- Estimation of creatine clearance (the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine in a unit time). Elimination of drugs is directly proportional to GFR (drugs excreted by kidneys). The Cockroft- Gault equation to estimate Clcr for age between 40- 80 years. Clcr (mL/min) = (140-age)x weight in kgs / 72 x serum creatinine (in mg/ dL) x (0.85 for women). Assessment of GFR from serum creatinine level presumes the stability of renal function and also formulate that serum creatinine measurement is constant. If there is alteration in renal function, the creatinine level does not indicate the true clearance. In case of oliguria, Clcr is approxi mated as 10mL/min. In cases with acute renal failure, the non-renal clearance of medicines diminishes by means of time window of renal failure. In the initial course of the therapy, personalized pharmacokinetic dose for patients with severe renal impairment is vital.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Project Management - Essay Example Based on the assessment, project improvement plans are designed (P3M3, 2014). In such context, the study will use a case organization to understand the functionality of Project Management Maturity Model in real world business project scenario. The case organization is Construction Company that specializes in handling real estate and facility management projects. For sake of confidentiality, name and operational detail of the Construction Company will not be revealed throughout this paper. AXELOS Limited (2013) reported that P3M3 involves three types of managements such as, 1- Portfolio Management (management control, financial management and benefits management), 2- Programme Management (financial management, risk management and stakeholder engagement) and 3- Project Management (risk management, organizational governance and resource management). These three models are self sufficient and there are no interdependencies between them. Therefore, independently assessing particular management model does not decrease importance of other management models. Interesting fact is that organizational maturity and project management maturity are conceptualized as divergent ideas. Organizational maturity is defined as comparative level of advancement for organizations such as using actively used policies, having established practices and standards. More mature organizations are expected to have well established standards, policies, organizational hierarchy and practices (Demir an d KocabaÅŸ, 2010; Kerzner, 2013 and Cooke-Davies and Arzymanow, 2003). On contrary, Project Management Institute (2007) defined project management maturity as the phase where organizations successfully initiate projects, plan activities, execute planned activities, monitor outcome of activities and control outcome of individual projects. Therefore, it can be assumed that organizations get assurance of continuous improvement during project management maturity